The role of icts in addressing challenges in higher education

The job of icts in tending to difficulties in advanced education Unique One of the most widely recognized issues of utilizing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in training is to put together decisions with respect to innovative prospects as opposed to instructive necessities. In creating nations where advanced education is full of genuine difficulties at numerous levels, there is expanding strain to guarantee that innovative prospects are seen with regards to instructive necessities. This paper contends that a focal job of instructive innovation is to give extra techniques that can be utilized to address the genuine ecological and instructive difficulties looked by instructors and understudies in advanced education. The instructive needs show in Indian colleges incorporate tending to general absence of scholarly readiness, multilingual needs in English medium settings, enormous class sizes and deficient educational program structure. Utilizing contextual investigations from one higher instructive organization, this paper shows how explici t and painstakingly considered intercessions utilizing ICTs can be utilized to address these educating and learning concerns. These models serve to exhibit a few manners by which instructing and learning might be upgraded when employments of instructive innovation are driven by instructive requirements. The paper reasons that plan of instructive innovation mediations ought to be driven by instructive needs inside the setting of a more extensive educating and learning methodology which requires purchase in of the two teachers and students. Presentation It has been recommended that data and correspondence advancements (ICTs) can and do assume various jobs in training. These incorporate giving an impetus to reconsidering showing practice (Flecknoe, 2002; McCormick Scrimshaw, 2001); building up the sort of graduates and residents required in a data society (Department of Education, 2001); improving instructive results (particularly pass rates) and upgrading and improving the nature of educating and learning (Wagner, 2001; Garrison Anderson, 2003). While these propose the possible effect of ICTs in instruction by and large and India specifically, it is as yet hard to exhibit the capability of advancements in tending to explicit instructing and learning issues looked by Indian advanced education foundations. The proposition of this paper is that the capability of ICTs is sandwiched between expanding pressure on advanced education organizations from government to meet the social change and abilities needs of India, and the fluctuating un derstudy scholastic readiness, enormous class sizes and multilingualism presently experienced in these instructing and learning settings. Our speculation lines up with others, (for example, Kirkup Kirkwood, 2005; Wagner, 2001) who contend that it is the contextualized instructing and realizing needs that should drive the ICT intercession, instead of the innovation itself. In India, contextualization of instructing and learning requires a tightrope stroll between advanced education objectives and social-social setting of the instructive scene. This paper outlines by methods for models drawn from one advanced education foundation how instructive needs can drive structure of learning situations and innovative use. The inquiry driving this paper is: How may instructive innovation mediations address theteaching and learning difficulties looked by Indian advanced education organizations? We examine the general and explicit instructive difficulties. These difficulties at that point give a setting to an ICT intercession structure which is depicted and instances of the utilization of this system in educational plan ventures are talked about. Difficulties FACING HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA General difficulties Right now, advanced education in India is feeling the squeeze to meet the social change and abilities needs of the new India (Kistan, 2002). Simultaneously it is under enormous outside and inward strain to enhance its strategy and conveyance execution (De Clercq, 2002). One of the markers of social change in instruction is expanding the segment portrayal among graduates and decreasing the segment contrast between understudy admission and graduate throughput. The National Higher Education Plan (2001) traces the job of advanced education organizations in the new India: The key difficulties confronting the Indian advanced education framework stay as plot inthe White Paper: ‘to review past imbalances and to change the advanced education systemto serve another social request, to meet squeezing national needs, and to react to newrealities and openings (White Paper: 1.1). (Division of Education India,2001.) Besides, ongoing government strategy has included weight advanced education foundations by connecting financing to throughput. At the end of the day, dissimilar to in the past when establishments were supported on the quantity of enrolled first year understudies, financing is presently connected to graduate throughput. Improving productivity and tending to the value needs of the nation raises clashing difficulties for advanced education organizations (Scott, 2004: 1). These difficulties are exacerbated by the way that most understudies enter college under-arranged and along these lines require more help to connect the holes in the necessary information and abilities (Paras, 2001). Moreover, in 2005 quality confirmation audits1 concentrating on the institutional administration of center elements of instructing and learning, exploration and network commitment were directed at Indian advanced education foundations. The test for advanced education establishments is in this way not just a bout expanding throughput as far as numbers and the assorted variety of its understudy populace yet additionally includes guaranteeing quality instructive arrangement. The Indian government has recognized the utilization of ICTs for educating and learning as a significant need. For instance, the e-Education strategy expresses: Every Indian director, instructor and student in the general and further training andtraining groups will be ICT proficient (that is, use ICTs certainly and imaginatively to helpdevelop the aptitudes and information they need as long lasting students to accomplish individual goalsand to be full members in the worldwide network) by 2013. (Division of EducationIndia, 2004: 17) Along these lines, a definitive objective of the strategy is the acknowledgment of ICT-able chiefs, instructors and students by 2013. Peruse along with the National Higher Education Plan, these two strategies have repercussions for instructional originators, teachers, understudies and scientists. The fundamental contention of this paper is that the acknowledgment of the policys objectives to a great extent relies upon the degree to which current instructive difficulties are re-conceptualized with regards to the job that ICT can play in educating and learning. The current spotlight on instructing and learning combined with development in instructive innovation in Indian advanced education foundations (Czerniewicz et al., 2005: The job of ICTs in advanced education in India61) necessitates that we start to pose inquiries about the manners by which instructive innovation adds to tending to the instructive difficulties in the new India. Just like the case in advanced education internatio nally, Indian advanced education is feeling the squeeze to build cooperation from various gatherings of understudies and to deliver the abilities required for a quickly evolving society. In the UK, for instance, cooperation in advanced education has expanded since the 1940s however investment of higher financial gatherings despite everything surpasses that of lower financial gatherings (DFES report, 2004). While comparable, these difficulties take specific structures given Indias one of a kind history. For instance, worldwide differences are characterized as far as class; in India the instructive inconsistencies are showed along racial lines due to the political, monetary and social strategies of the pre-1994 time. Change of minimized gatherings and social change is accordingly key to the strategies of post-1994. The Indian government has clarified that one of its points is to accomplish evenhanded access to advanced education for recently hindered students, with different instructi ve foundations (Hardman Ngambi, 2003). Training is seen as one of the key components of accomplishing social change. It is in this instructive setting that new open doors for instructive innovation have emerged. Despite the fact that we know that instructive difficulties request multi-pronged methodologies, which may incorporate both customary showing draws near and imaginative non-computerized instructional structures, it is the job of instructive innovation that is the focal point of this paper. Explicit instructing and learning difficulties The significant instructing and learning difficulties confronting advanced education rotate around understudy assorted variety, which incorporates, among others, decent variety in understudies scholastic readiness, language and tutoring foundation. Instructing and learning in advanced education as a rule can to a great extent be portrayed as follows: [] guidance that is excessively pedantic, an absence of individual contact between instructors andstudents and among understudies, appraisal techniques that are insufficient to measuresophisticated learning objectives and too little open door for understudies to incorporate knowledgefrom various fields and apply what they figure out how to the arrangement of genuine world problems.(Knapper, 2001: 94) Instructing and learning in Indian advanced education fits the above depiction however furthermore it needs to fight with profound established complex issues and issues stemming basically from a formerly racially isolated and inconsistent training framework. Likewise, enormous classes are an endemic component of most college courses representing an extra test in the instructing of a differing understudy populace. Indian advanced education establishments are confronted with a bunch instructing and learning difficulties. In this paper we center around a couple of these: scholastic readiness, multilingulism in a first language setting, huge classes and insufficient educational plan desig

Mexico Versus venezuela research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mexico Versus venezuela look into paper - Essay Example Another prudent issue is that the vast majority of the country’s business bank resources are by the money related foundations of the U.S. This shows Mexico is exclusively reliant on their neighbors in the top. In the event that the economy of U.S were to fall, at that point, Mexico is to encounter a major prudent issue of their history. Another enormous issue confronting the economy of Mexico is the large presence of medication cartels in the nation. Mexico has a notoriety of being the center point of medication masters to any semblance of Pablo Escobar, who controlled the greater part of the Mexico. These medications wind up demolishing the young people of the nation subsequently not having the option to release their obligations carrying an impasse to the economy. Medication cartels carry brutality to the nation thus demoralizing speculation from outsiders in the nation. What's more, these medications realize illegal tax avoidance and this too getting unsafe for the economy of Mexico (Krugman, 25). Be that as it may, the best monetary arrangement to this issue is by without a doubt putting resources into instruction, framework, media communications, vitality and horticulture. It is to secure the most unfortunate if the U.S economy begins to back off. The administration needs to accompany a superior method of burdening casual trade with the budgetary framework all together for a business to pay for open venture. Mexico should attempt to work together with different nations and stop exclusively relying upon U.S. Venezuela is the favored nation of decision. It is that Venezuela is exceptionally cognizant with regards to ecological protection since its most region is devoted to the national stops and saves. (Soto, 47). Large aircrafts like Air France, British, Lufthansa, Alitalia, and Iberia all serve Venezuela thus being a decent monetary admission. Financial opportunity score of Venezuela is at 36.3 Venezuela is likewise a major player in the oil business. This gives it a significant financial lift. The nation is likewise the most urbanized in entire of South America (Middlebrook 98). In spite of

Management Contract Definition, Pros and Cons, and More

Management Contract â€" Definition, Pros and Cons, and More Are you running a business and you’ve been exposed to the term management contract? Perhaps you’ve been offered the option of having a management company look after your business or a part of it. But before you make the decision to transfer a part of your business to another company, you should read more about management contracts.In this guide, we’ll explain what these agreements are all about and the functions they entail. You can read a bit about the different types of management contracts in use, as well as download a template to use as part of your deal. We’ll also look at the benefits and possible downsides to signing a management contract. THE DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT CONTRACTLet’s first look at the definition of management contract and the elements needed to create, enter, and enforce it. The Business Dictionary defines a management contract as an“agreement between investors or owners of a project, and a management company hired for coordinating and overseeing a contract”.A business or an organization will hire a management company to perform specific tasks. The management company will receive a compensation for the work. Your organization might hire a management company to look after its marketing and under the contract, the management company would perform marketing on your company’s behalf and receive a fee for doing so.Under the management contract, the operational control of the enterprise or the specific department would be in the hands of the management company. Therefore, the management company you would choose, would be able to make all the operational decisions regarding the function you specified, i .e. marketing.Your contract might limit the excess of the control, but in most instances, the contract includes all operational functions of that specific enterprise or department. The compensation for the management might be decided based on performance or it can be a set sum decided between you are the management company. You might provide the company a fixed monthly remuneration or a fixed percentage of the profit. On the other hand, your company might pay a specified sum based on certain performance metrics the management company is able to meet.A management contract will always consist of three core components. The three parts are the first things you will need to specify when seeking out a management contract. The parts are:The conditions of the contract â€" The lengthiest and most detailed part of the management contract is naturally the conditions of it. The contract must clearly identify the parties involved and the functions that are being transferred to the management com pany. This includes the outline of the rules and responsibilities both parties have and the extent which either party can influence the operational functions once the contract starts. To avoid confusion and conflict later on, the conditions must be clarified and the functions and operational responsibilities outlined in detail.The duration of the agreement â€" The section specifies the duration for how long the management company will be in charge of the enterprise or department. The duration could range from a few months to years, and you might have set specific conditions for the duration. For example, if certain performance metrics are not met, the contract can be terminated sooner and so on.The method of computing the management fees â€" The management contract should also discuss the compensation method. As mentioned above, the method for computing the management fee can range from a set percentage, a set sum or a specified sum related to performance. An example fee could be a % of total revenue and/or a % of gross profit.The video below is worth watching to understand the basics of a contract, which are directly applicable in the case of management contract as well. THE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT CONTRACTThe definition says how under the management contract the operational functions are handed over by a company to the management company. But what are the functions an organization or a company can hand over to the management company? The range of functions is wide and varied. The typical functions entail the following:Technical operations such as production of productsManagement of human resources, including training of personnelFinancial management of the organization such as accountingMarketing services, including promotionsA company can essentially identify the functions it hands over to the management company depending on its needs. Your business might require an outsider to look after your accounting, including a range of financial functions that fall u nder this operational department. On the other hand, larger enterprises might make management contracts on much wider operations, such as looking after a specific store or business entity.Are management contracts franchising deals?Since management contracts entrust the operational control of the entity or function to the management company, the contract is sometimes confused with a franchising agreement. But the two are separate from each other. Both management contracts and franchising deals are both opportunities to earn by selling intangibles and the agreements create an affiliation with another business entity.But under a management contract, a company is provided with structure and framework in the form of the deal, whereas a franchisee is an independent business. A franchising deal creates a contract between a franchiser â€" someone who owns a company â€" with the franchisee â€" the person or organization buying the right to the company name and other trademarks.Let’s look a t the difference in the form of an example. If you own a hotel chain A, you might seek out to make a management contract with a company B over the operational control of a specific hotel. Under the management contract, B would gain the operational control of looking after the hotel and in turn, you would pay a specified fee to company B. Company B would be allowed to run the hotel in any way specified in the management contract. On the other hand, you might make a franchise deal with company C, which would allow the C to use the trademark of A and perhaps use some of the business models and tools of A. C would pay a specific fee to you, company A, for the rights.EXAMPLES OF MANAGEMENT CONTRACTSManagement contracts are a popular choice for organizations, especially those with large-scaling functions. The contracts are also used in a number of industries for a variety of functions. Below are some examples of the most common management contract types and brief description of what each contract means.Hotel managementThe hotel industry is one of the most popular industries when it comes to management contracts. The industry has a number of examples where a larger enterprise entrusts the operational management of a specific hotel to a management company. The management contract is made between the owner of a hotel and a management company, which will take operational control, often on the entirety of the hotel.It is common for the contract to provide the management company the control to service guests, maintain the premises, and conduct marketing and other promotional services. The management company will also set operational policies, as well as control the human resources of the specific hotel. The hotel management contracts tend to be long-term agreements due to the nature of the industry.Furthermore, the operator often has the upper hand in terms of the terms of the management contract.The below image clearly highlights the process of a management contract in t he hotel industry and outlines the basic principles of the process. Source: Green Hospitality Management websiteProperty managementAnother popular management contract example comes from the property industry. Property development companies tend to hire management companies to look after specific properties, either in business or residential properties. The management contract in the industry is rather similar to the example above of the hotel management contract.The property management generally is in charge of operations such as maintenance, tenant management and financial collection of rents and other arrays. Property management contracts typically include the whole property, as conflict of interest issues could arise if different management companies are used within a single property.Property management contracts are not only used by large businesses, but individuals can also hire a property management company to look after a second-home or another such real estate. The contract type can be beneficial to both parties.Association managersManagement contracts are not just about handing a number of functions away at once and it doesn’t necessarily need to involve two enterprises. An example of a different type of transfer of functions is contracts of association managers. These management contracts often involve non-profits and other similar organizations, such as trade associations.These entities often don’t have the resources to have the board of directors to be in charge of the day-to-day activities. This might be due to budget constraints, as hiring full time staff can cost much more than handing out operational control to a management company. When such contract is made, the management company tends to take operational control of things like meeting planning, communication management, accounting, and so on. Depending on the organization, the management contract might also include things like website management or the running of different sponsorship programs.Similar to association managers, industries like entertainmen t and sports often use management contracts. Artists and athletes tend to hire management companies to look after the mundane parts of their careers â€" including booking sponsors, dealing with endorsements, enhancing public relations, and looking after their finances â€" while they focus on creating art or performing as a top athlete.Under these management contracts, the fee is often directly linked to the person’s annual earnings, which can of course be enhanced by the management company (getting better sponsorship deals and so on).Food service managersManagement contracts are also used by the public sector. Food service management contracts are a good example of the management contracts in the sector. Under these agreements, schools sports facilities, nursing homes, and public office buildings have their food facilities and services provided and managed by a management company.The management company often pays a specific lease and a percentage of the food sales to the buildingâ €™s owner, while taking on the operational control of preparing, serving and marketing the food. These sorts of management contracts can sometimes be used in the private sector as well, with large corporations often having a management company take charge of feeding the employees, so to speak.The idea of the management contract is to provide smooth delivery of a core function of running a business (creating a place for the staff to enjoy a meal), but which is not the core part of the business or entity (school’s main function isn’t to cater students dietary needs).Management contract templateIf you are considering a management contract, you could contact a third-party to help with the creation of the contract. It’s especially important to seek out legal advice before signing a contract to ensure your business is not walking into a bad deal. You can also find out templates to guide you in the process for example here.THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESSo, why are companies, indivi duals or organizations willing to transfer the control of certain operations to a management company? Should you consider creating a management contract as well or are any dangers lurking around the corner? Let’s look at the advantages and disadvantages of management contracts.The advantages of management contractThe benefits of creating a management contract deal with timesaving, operational continuity and knowledge. Handing out operational control of a specific function ticks out the specific operation from the business’ ‘To Do’-list. The company doesn’t have to worry about this aspect, but instead focus more on important areas or areas the business is better at.Consider you are running a start-up and you are trying to establish your business in the sector. Having to do your own bookkeeping might take too much of your time away from things like marketing or product development. By hiring a management company to look after the accounting part of the business, you are able to save time and your resources.Furthermore, that aspect of your business might not require enough attention to justify hiring an accountant as part of your team. The cost of a management contract could be less than hiring a full-time accountant for the business. Therefore, you will be better able to direct your resources in terms of money and time by entrusting the specific function of the business into the hands of a management company.Overall, the management contract can help distribute responsibility better. You won’t be in a situation where the human resource department also needs to manage the bookkeeping, but your resources are directed to deal with the right responsibilities.You also create a situation where the organization receives expertise and experience. Consider the example of a start-up. You might not be efficient in business finances, but instead know everything about marketing and product development. When you are hiring a management company to take control of yo ur accounting, you are seeking out services from a professional. Instead of relying on partial information, you will have an experienced person focusing on the operations they are most capable to perform. You therefore guarantee your business’ finances are in the hand of professionals, which can boost your profitability and operational efficiency.Management contract can also provide more continuity to an organization. The contract company might have individual managers change during the contract, but the standards set at the start of the deal will continue to remain in place. What this means is that you don’t need to worry about change in performance or style, as you have spelled out the conditions in the agreement. For example, you would have identified the expectations and the different processes you might want the management company to use or not use as part of the operational control. Therefore, you can continue to enjoy the same level of function and efficiency, without the need to worry how personnel changes might influence your business. The disadvantages of management contractDespite the obvious advantages outlined above, you shouldn’t jump into a management contract. The contract can pose a few questions, which you need to consider before venturing into an agreement with a management company. The most obvious disadvantage of a management contract revolves around privacy.The organization is essentially surrendering information about its products, finances and other such matters to another entity. While the contract naturally deals with these issues and requires full confidentiality, the information is still not only confined to your organization. If your organization is in charge of every operational aspect, you can confine the information to in-house staff and premises.But with a management company, you entrust the information in the hands of people you haven’t vetted yourself and place your trust on handing over information outside of the phy sical premises of your company. Although this risk can and should be managed by the management contract, it nonetheless exists.Furthermore, privacy issues are not just about your information and relationship with the management company. If your business uses third party suppliers, you need to ensure the contract with them doesn’t deny your business from making a management contract. Third parties might have specific objections towards their information being handled by another entity or have issues with dealing with a third party instead of directly with your business. It’s crucial to consider these issues before you venture into a management contract.Finally, you need to keep in mind overall issues regarding conflict of interest. If you are using a large management company, you need to be aware of the possibility the company also deals with your competitors. You want to ensure the management company resolves such possible conflicts of interest with your business’ interests in mind. Management contracts shouldn’t hinder your company’s success. When drafting the contract, clearly identify the people who are in charge of your business and discuss how you want possible conflict of interests to arise.While it should be obvious from the definition of a management contract, it is worth reminding how the agreement transfers the operational control of your business to the management company. Therefore, depending on the clauses in your contract, you won’t have a say in many of the things the function will do. It’s important to be aware of this because you might find yourself looking to influence decisions when things are not going well, for instance. Yet, the operational control is not in your hands and you just need to trust you’ve made the right decision.THE BOTTOM LINEManagement contracts are a clever mechanism for sharing the burden of running an organization. The process entrusts certain operational responsibilities into the hands of a management c ompany â€" an organization that is an expert in the specific field. The management company will receive a specific fee, while ensuring, the function is performed to the highest of standards.Due to the nature of these arrangements, they tend to be popular in industries such as hospitality, property management and even airline and the hauling industry. Under the management contract, the operations handed over can range from single functions, such as finances, to large-scale business management, such as looking after a specific hotel. Management contracts have the benefit of boosting a company’s performance by enhancing knowledge and dividing responsibilities.On the other hand, getting another entity involved will always create the possibility of privacy issues and conflict of interest clashes. Nonetheless, the system can help large-scale organizations look after their businesses better or provide more resources for smaller companies. The contract is definitely worth exploring if cer tain functions of your business seem time-consuming or difficult to deal with.

Biography of Empress Theodora, Byzantine Feminist

Empress Theodora (c. 497–June 28, 548), wife of Emperor  Justinian I, is regarded as the most powerful woman in  Byzantine  history. Because of her intelligence and political savvy, she was Justinian’s most trusted adviser and used her influence to promote religious and social policies in line with her interests. She significantly expanded the rights of women. Fast Facts: Empress Theodora Known For: Most Influential Woman in the Byzantine EraBorn: c. 497 on Cyprus or in SyriaFather: AcaciusDied: June 28, 548 in Constantinople, modern-day TurkeySpouse: Justinian I Early Life Little is known of her early years. According to the historian Procopius—whose historical work, according to one source, which resembles a tabloid newspaper but is the best available—her father Acacius was a bear keeper at the Hippodrome in Constantinople, a large stadium where chariot races and other events were staged, including bear-baiting. He died when she was 5. Her mother remarried and started Theodoras acting career. Theodora had two sisters, Comitona and Anastasia, and as a child she worked on stage as a mime with older sister Comitona before becoming a full-fledged actress, though in that day much of what was termed acting would later be euphemistically called adult entertainment. Offstage she was known for having numerous lovers and wild parties and for prostitution. She became the mistress of a wealthy man named Hecebolus, who for reasons unknown threw her out in roughly 521. She found religion, renounced her former lifestyle, and made a living as a wool spinner, returning to Constantinople in 522. Marriage When Justinian somehow met her, he was attracted by her beauty and intelligence and made her his mistress before marrying her in 525. Because of her disreputable background, special legislation was required to legalize such a marriage. (The independent record of this law being changed supports Procopius account of Theodoras lowly origins.) Justinians uncle and adoptive father, Emperor Justin I, died on August 1, 527, the date that Justinians reign is usually said to have begun, though modern scholars believe that he actually took over the government as early as 518. When Justinian took the throne, Theodora became the empress. Theodora exercised considerable influence, though she was never made co-regent. Because of her intelligence and unerring political sensibility, many believe that she, rather than Justinian, ruled Byzantium. Her name appears in nearly all the laws passed during that period, and she received foreign envoys and corresponded with foreign rulers, roles usually taken by the ruler. Nika Revolt Her influence in political affairs is illustrated by the Nika Revolt of January 532, which involved the Blues and the Greens, two Constantinople political factions that sponsored chariot races, animal contests, and stage plays in the Hippodrome and had attained substantial political power. The Blues and Greens had set aside their traditional rivalry to unite and oppose the government and establish a rival emperor. The revolt started on January 13, as the chariot races were to begin. Before the day was over, many public buildings were in flames.  Justinian had failed to head off the situation, and most of his advisers urged him to flee. Preparations were made, and a ship sat ready in the harbor to carry the emperor and empress to safety. At a meeting of the Imperial Council on January 18, Theodora sat listening to the men debating whether they should flee the city. Then, according to Robert Brownings Justinian  and  Theodora, she stood and addressed them: Whether or not a woman should give an example of courage to men is neither here nor there....I think that flight, even if it brings us to safety, is not in our interest. Every man born to see the light of day must die. But that one who has been emperor should become an exile I cannot bear.   She suggested that Justinian, his generals, and the other officials stay and save the empire. After she sat down, the men looked at each other and the generals began to discuss military plans. Belisarius, one of her husbands generals,  eventually herded the rebels into the Hippodrome, where they were slaughtered. Religion Theodora was a monophysite Christian, believing that Jesus Christs nature was purely divine, while her husband reflected orthodox Christianity, which holds that Jesus nature was both human and divine. Some commentators, including Procopius, allege that their differences were more pretense than a reality, presumably to keep the church from having too much power. She was known as a protector of members of the Monophysite faction when they were accused of heresy.  She supported the moderate Monophysite Severus and, when he was excommunicated and exiled—with Justinians approval—Theodora helped him to settle in Egypt. Another excommunicated monophysite, Anthimus, was still hiding in the womens quarters when Theodora died, 12 years after the excommunication order. She sometimes explicitly worked against her husbands support of Chalcedonian Christianity in the ongoing struggle for the predominance of each faction, especially at the edges of the empire. At the end of his life, Justinian was said to have moved significantly toward monophysitism, though he took no official action to promote it. Death and Legacy Theodora died in 548, possibly from cancer or  gangrene. Her death illustrated how important she was in Byzantine political life: Little significant legislation dates from the period between her death and 565 when Justinian died. Theodora had given birth to a daughter, either before she met Justinian or early in their marriage, but the girl didnt live long. No other children were born to the imperial couple. Through her relationship with her husband, who treated her as his intellectual partner, Theodora had a major impact on the political decisions of the empire. Justinian wrote that he had consulted Theodora when he promulgated a constitution that included reforms meant to end corruption by public officials. She is credited with influencing many other reforms, including expanding the rights of women in divorce and property ownership, prohibiting forced prostitution, giving mothers some guardianship rights over their children, and forbidding the killing of a wife who committed adultery. She closed brothels and created convents, where the ex-prostitutes could support themselves. Sources Browning, Robert. Justinian and Theodora. Gorgias Pr Llc, January 1, 2003.Garland, Lynda. Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204. 1st Edition, Routledge, January 8, 2011.Holmes, William Gordon. The Age of Justinian and Theodora, Vol. 1: A History of the Sixth Century. Paperback, Abridged edition, Forgotten Books, July 6, 2017.Procopius. The Secret History. Penguin Classics, Peter Sarris (Editor, Translator, Introduction), G. A. Williamson (Translator), Paperback, New Ed. / edition, December 18, 2007.Underhill, Clara. Theodora: The Courtesan of Constantinople. 1st Edition edition, Sears Publishing Company, Inc., 1932.Theodora: Byzantine Empress. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Theodora. Encyclopedia.com.

The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 1103 Words

Toni Morrison is known for her prized works exploring themes and issues that are rampant in African American communities. Viewing Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye from a psychoanalytical lens sheds light onto how, as members of a marginalized group, character’s low self-esteem reflect into their actions, desires, and defense mechanisms. In her analysis of psychoanalytical criticism, Lois Tyson focuses on psychological defense mechanisms such as selective perception, selective memory, denial, avoidance, displacement, projection, and regression. Selective perception is only seeing and hearing what we feel like we can handle. Selective memory is the way of modifying our memories in order to not overwhelm ourselves or to just forget†¦show more content†¦Growing up in a time when the idea of black beauty was missing furthered the low self-esteem held in black woman everywhere. Pauline is a woman with deep insecurities, and she projects her own insecurities immediately onto her daughter. Pauline loses herself at the cinema in the fantasy of being beautiful like the movie stars. She works for white families as an escape from her life in a lower class. There is this worldwide phenomenon that parents, especially mothers, believe that their child is the cutest. Loving your own child is nature, it is an instinct, not a choice. But when Pauline sees baby Pecola, she immediately â€Å"knowed she was ugly† (126). She projects her low view of herself onto her offspring. Pauline’s husband, Cholly, has never known what true love his. As a baby, his mother abandoned him, leaving him behind with a twisted view of love and family. This traumatic event left him with identity issues. Instead of faces his issues, he regresses into an aggressive, angry alcoholic. His constant violent fights with Pauline leave the children with a lack of idea of familial love. He does not know how to nurture his children and show them love. This misconstructs the idea of love in the Breedlove family. Cholly’s rape of Pecola is just a consequence of the toll systematic racism can take on a person on a mental, emotional, and personal level. Morrison implies that this skewed love is due toShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whiteness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagessaid, â€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1189 Words   |  5 PagesA standard of beauty is established by the society in which a person lives and then supported by its members in the community. In the novel The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, we are given an extensive understanding of how whiteness is the standard of beauty through messages throughout the novel that whiteness is superior. Morrison emphasizes how this ideality distorts the minds and lives of African-American women and children. He emphasizes that in order for African-American wom en to survive in aRead MoreThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1095 Words   |  5 PagesSocial class is a major theme in the book The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison is saying that there are dysfunctional families in every social class, though people only think of it in the lower class. 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With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrierRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1462 Words   |  6 PagesBildungsroman literature in the 20th century embodies the virtues of different authors’ contexts and cultures, influencing the fictional stories of child ren’s lives around the world.. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 publication by Toni Morrison set in 1940s Ohio in America, focal around the consequence of racism in an American community on the growth of a child, distinct in its use of a range of narrative perspectives. Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid is a novel set in post colonial Antigua, published in 1985Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliatedRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1044 Words   |   5 PagesIn the novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison confirms the existence of racism within the African American community. Unbelievably, many African Americans suffer from what is termed internalized racism. Internalized racism produces the same effect as racial racism: feelings of worthlessness, inferiority, and unattractiveness. In addition, the effect can produce the opposite feelings: superiority, hatred, and feelings of self-worth. Pecola, an 11-year-old black girl, desires to have the physical characteristics

The Undeniable Reality About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas That Nobody Is Telling You

The Undeniable Reality About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas That Nobody Is Telling You If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Inner-city inequality produces a whole lot of issues in all facets of life. Even more surprising, is how some deny that this sort of problem exists. Many educators now think that anything that more precisely meets the requirements of the kid will get the job done far better. There's an emphasis on computers and the Internet in these types of pages, but there's a great deal of general info, too. As an issue of fact, different students in various counties undergo various challenges in the academic practice. So, in order to achieve this task it's important to come up with a generation of young adults who possesses the proper expertise, skills, attitude and values. Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Features If the goal is to close gaps, state equalization may not be the proper tool. For instance, the political culture may change under the effect of profound demographic alterations, which might occur in case of the rapid and considerable increase of the immigrant population. This shift is completely vital. The current structure is built in such a manner that it cannot be modified in ways necessary to make a desirable , adaptive outcome. The future of American education is vital to students and those who need to sustain a college education. Unfortunately, we've slipped behind in the region of education. This view now has rather wide currency, and is utilised to select a lot of the curricula of teachers' colleges. Education reformers aren't motivated by corporate interest and definitely don't want to earn any school fail. Although teachers should discover different methods for finding the information to the students. In addition, school isn't always happening in the classroom. Instead, permit the schools and the teachers determine the ideal methodology to teach the students which are in their care. Using Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Massachusetts and Leander, as well as some other cases Gabor discuses, like the progressive reform movement in New York, have distinctly different cultures. We've got a chance to turn into a leader in educational assessments and an actual competitor to the ACT and SAT, states Wagner. The Reform Act might be viewed as the conclusion of the old purchase. The 30-Second Trick for Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Other reforms started to sweep the nation. As I said previously, this education reform also require teacher collaboration. A reformer isn't a villain. Educational reform isn't a new phenomenon. Texas is among the states with a distinct political culture with a substantial effect on the worldview of the neighborhood population and policies conducted in the state. Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas - the Conspiracy For instance, the simple fact that computers are naturally very good at math contributes to the question of the usage of calculators in math education. The teaching method has to be teachable! This underrepresentation isn't due to absence of interest on the portion of students. These students will likely be similar with regard to family background, previous educational experiences, and individual characteristics like motivation and so on. The Importance of Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas It may not be someone who will be a Democrat, but we just want a person who is going to do a great job. Ramey's position, nevertheless, is that getting an education is nothing like choosing which cereal to fe ed your son or daughter. The number of individuals choosing freedom for their kids are going to be quite so great that there'll no longer be enough public interest in the traditional schools to carry on funding them. Of course with this kind of a highly diverse population, all individuals aren't likely to agree with one another. So How About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas? Real reform isn't possible from within the present conventional school system. And we'll have the exact same choices that we've now if we're seriously interested in reforming our educational system. But the best that you can say about the stated goals of education reform is that it's going to knock out a small fraction of teachers that are incompetent and whip some other teachers into shape. This resulted in the maturation of self-governing school districts. Private and religious schools would need to be monitored to guarantee quality standards much like public schools. Appointed school boards will supply the stability of governance that's crucial to implementing lasting, far-sighted reforms. These colleges continue to be referred to as land-grant institutions. It's a fairly radical change, Reed explained. Texas is an area of mystery and intrigue. Patrick proposed an extremely similar measure in 2013. The very best score, states Tate, is 118. The difference in scores is that which we wish to understand, the causal effect of additional funding. Whether it is their intent, it's the obvious outcome. There is an excellent deal of evidence to demonstrate this issue. There isn't any doubt that future measures were bound to happen and there may not be any question that their success be would come as a consequence of the very first Act.

Musical is an art of arranging sounds free essay sample

Musical is an art of arranging sounds in a particular pattern to create a pleasant harmony to the ears of the listeners. Just like the industrial revolution took time to reach its present level, the two major forms of musical in America were realized after a long time of progressive development as (Riddle 2003) explains. American musical was firstly borrowed from the European States; the American musical pioneers built on it to develop theirs then later they completely detached from it came up with their own different style of presentation according to (Lubbock 1962). Musical comedy was the first of the only two advanced musical styles to be established in America. Then there followed the other which is the musical play and the two have been cherished widely in the twentieth and the twenty first centuries. There are several legend musicians who played a key role in making American musical what it is today and have been covered by history. The changes that were met in the twentieth century in musical varied from the cultural, content to the form of delivering the musical. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Music in America is an art that has a very long history in its development in form and content to the level it is now. The historians have established that it has taken hundreds of years to develop from its primitive form to the now sophisticated forms. (Lubbock1962) traces music in America way back in the year 1735. He argues that this introduced music did not originate from America itself but from England. From those years on up to 1960,s the initial way of treating musicals underwent great transformation and many people came into terms with music unlike in the past. As the year 1960 was dawning, Americans began to get enlightened about Musicals where they were in a position to define it and find out its relationship with art according to (Gann 2000). Through continued development of interest in learning what music was, the people also became able to relate it with culture. It is also worthy noting that the various phases through which the American music underwent included the transformation of the places of performance. The first pieces of music were only played in the urban centres but it slowly filtered into the rural as time went by. According to (Gann 2000), the music was taken from the urban to the rural setting in the year 1961 and from there onward it expanded and widely spread more into the interior like a bush fire. In 1980,s several individuals ventured into bettering the quality of the musical performed in the theatres which took the dimension created by the Americans more than that of Europeans. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The culture of the people influences greatly the type of music they compose, the type of dance they use to accompany their songs and more so the kind of perception they have on the present generation music. American musical has had a lot of influence on the way the Americans perceive their abilities and identify their characters according to (Knapp 2005). In the same manner, the music the Americans borrowed from the Europeans took after the cultural practices of the natives of the country. Through the ages the American musicals saw a great transition in the way the Americans treated music in relation to their culture. It came a time when the stake holders in musicals began to present their cultures through the art of music especially holding cultural ceremonies where people got the opportunities to express their personalities as (Knapp 2005) confirms. The American musicians also were able to portray their culture through their manner of dressing during music play performances in the theatres. The twentieth century also was the year of making music as a source of earning personal living in addition to expressing the people’s beliefs and practices. (Crawford 2000) confirms that the art of music took the dimension of commercial activity during its development during the twentieth century and a rapid growth as a business the common exercise of the day. By watching a clip of the American produced musical, one was in a position to analyse the type of culture the performers upheld from the way the dressed, their make-ups, the food they eat and the dancing styles which were adopted during music development time. FORM DEVELOPMENT The form in which music first entered America is not the same style of music we play in America today. A great transition has occurred in the music industry in terms of the several classes of music which have hit in the country. Lubbock (1962) asserts that the first type of music to be played in America was Flora and this had its source from England. In this twenty first century, this kind of music can only be referred to as a legend and you may find that the current generation is not aware of the former existence of such kind of music. In the twentieth century, the American natives set out to develop their own style of music which indeed they did in two phases. The first phase was characterized by a lot of emulation of the pre-existing opera style of England which was later advanced. This first move by the upcoming American musicians constituted what was called the comedy music. The second phase of American musical development was the new form of music which was not derived from the European form. According to (Lubbock 1962) it was the Showboat which established the campaign towards developing American-produced music which came to be referred to as music play. Here the musicians could perform their own composed music in public. The music industry in the new form was since then continued by the other successors including Oklahoma and the others. Their establishments have since then not been out dated because music play and the prior styles are the only two ruling the American music industry.